Aadhaar is a 12-digit unique identity number issued by the Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI) to residents of India. It serves as proof of identity and address, anywhere in the country. Introduced in 2009, Aadhaar has become the world’s largest biometric ID system, aiming to provide a single, universal identity to every Indian resident.
Purpose and Benefits: Aadhaar’s primary goal is to eliminate duplicate and fake identities in government databases, enhancing the delivery and accessibility of government and non-government services alike. It facilitates smoother, more efficient, and transparent interactions between citizens and service providers, including banking, mobile phone connections, and government welfare schemes.
Enrollment Process: Obtaining an Aadhaar card involves visiting an Aadhaar Enrollment Centre, where an individual’s biometric data (fingerprints and iris scans) and demographic information (name, address, date of birth, and gender) are collected. This information is securely stored in the UIDAI database and used for authentication purposes.
Security and Privacy: Aadhaar employs sophisticated encryption techniques to protect user data, ensuring privacy and security. Despite concerns, the Supreme Court of India has upheld the constitutionality of Aadhaar, stating it does not violate privacy if used for welfare schemes and income tax-related purposes.
Uses of Aadhaar: Aadhaar has become integral to accessing a variety of services:
- Banking: Simplifies the process of opening bank accounts and availing financial services.
- Government Subsidies: Directs benefits and subsidies to the intended beneficiaries’ bank accounts.
- Income Tax: Aadhaar-PAN linking has streamlined the tax filing process.
- Telecommunications: Facilitates easy KYC for obtaining mobile connections.
Controversies and Challenges: Despite its widespread adoption, Aadhaar has faced criticism regarding privacy, data security, and exclusion from services due to biometric authentication failures. However, UIDAI has continuously worked on enhancing security measures and improving the inclusivity of the Aadhaar system.
The Future of Aadhaar: As technology advances, Aadhaar is expanding its reach and utility. New applications in digital transactions, e-KYC, and access to governmental and non-governmental services continue to evolve. Aadhaar’s role as a cornerstone of digital identity in India seems set to grow, promising a more inclusive and efficient future for all residents.